MIM Materials
MIM Materials
Common MIM Materials
Metal Injection Molding produces various high-performance, complex-geometries parts without additional machining. In reason of MIM parts high density, its properties are equivalent to other fabrication method. There is high flexibility of material selection, same equipment can be produced by different metal materials. Furthermore, wide varieties of metal can be applied in MIM process. Metal powder with various chemical composition, particle sizes and shapes will determine final MIM parts properties. All in all, Our MIM materials are classified into categories as following:
Ferrous alloys: steel, stainless steel, tool steel, low alloy steel, iron-nickel alloy, special ferrous alloys like Invar and Kovar.
Tungsten alloys: tungsten-copper, tungsten heavy alloys.
Nickel alloys: nickel, nickel-base superalloys.
Molybdenum alloys: molybdenum, molybdenum-copper.
Titanium alloys: titanium, titanium alloys.
Hard materials: cobalt-chromium, cemented carbides(WC-Co), cermet(Fe-TiC).
Specific materials: aluminum, precious metal, copper and copper alloys, cobalt-based alloys, magnetic alloys (soft and hard), shape-memory alloys.
Stainless steel
Specific alloy
- Copper alloy
- Ti-6Al-4V
- Nickel alloy
- Invar alloy
- ASTM F15
- ASTM F75
- ASTM F1537
Zhuorui MIM Materials
| Metarial | Density | Tensile strength | Hardness | Elongation | |
| g/cm³ | Mpa | Rockwell | (% in 25.4mm) | ||
| Stainless steel | 316L | ≥7.85 | ≥450 | 100-150 HV10 | ≥40% |
| 304 | ≥7.75 | ≥480 | 100-150 HV10 | ≥40% | |
| 420 | ≥7.55 | ≥750 | 30~39 HRC | ≥1% | |
| 440C | ≥7.5 | ≥700 | 30~39 HRC | ≥1% | |
| 17-4 PH (Sintered) | ≥7.65 | ≥950 | 25~30 HRC | ≥3% | |
| 17-4 PH (Heat treatment) | ≥7.7 | ≥1100 | 35~40 HRC | ≥9% | |
| P.A.N.A.C.E.A. | ≥7.5 | ≥1090 | 270~300 HV10 | ≥35% | |
| Low alloy steel | 4605 | ≥7.5 | ≥600 | 90 HV10 | ≥5% |
| Fe02Ni | ≥7.55 | ≥260 | 90 HV10 | ≥3% | |
| Fe04Ni | ≥7.6 | ≥630 | 90 HV10 | ≥3% | |
| Fe08Ni | ≥7.65 | ≥630 | 90 HV10 | ≥3% | |
| Fe03Si | ≥7.55 | ≥227 | 100~180 HV10 | ≥24% | |
| Fe50Ni | ≥7.85 | ≥468 | 110~180 HV10 | <1% | |
| Fe50Co | ≥7.5 | ≥300 | 80 HRB | ≥20% | |
| Special material | Copper | ≥8. 5 | ≥180 | 35~45 HRB | ≥30% |
| Ti-6Al-4V | ≥4.5 | ≥950 | 36 HRC | ≥35% | |
| Nickel alloy | ≥8.6 | —— | 63 HRC | —— | |
| ASTM F15 | ≥7.7 | ≥450 | 65 HRB | ≥25% | |
| ASTM F75 | ≥8.3 | ≥992 | 25 HRC | ≥30% | |
| ASTM F1537 | ≥8.3 | ≥1103 | 32 HRC | ≥27% | |
Custom MIM Materials
Most alloys composition are copied from standard handbook formulations. However, it cannot be ignored that long-term anneal in sintering process will degrade alloy properties, since most alloys were created and developed in casting technology. So, Zhuorui MIM utilize modified chemistry way in MIM technology, in order to guarantee the physical and chemical properties of MIM parts.
Such as 316L alloy composition (Fe-19Cr-9NI-2Mo) is wildly applied in reason of its corrosion resistance and combined strength properties. Otherwise, extra additional chromium in alloy composition will make sintering process easily, so this alloy provide attainable superior properties with this alternative metal manufacturing method.
Custom metal powder can be fabricated with additional cost once composition is unavailable. There is no doubt that Zhuorui MIM will satisfy your any custom material requirement in most cost-effective price.
MIM Material Options
MIM Material Applications
We need to consider many factors to select perfect material for MIM parts, such as MIM parts weight, tolerance requirement, mechanical stress, hardness, additional machining, maximum cross-section, corrosion resistance, etc.
| Material Category | Material Type | Characteristics | Application |
| Stainless steel | 316L | Corrosion resistance | Horology parts, electronic component |
| Stainless steel | 304 | High strength | Electronic parts, micro-gears |
| Stainless steel | 420 | High strength | Pneumatic machinery, cutlery, tools |
| Stainless steel | 440C | Friction resistance, corrosion resistance | Hand tools, sporting equipment |
| Stainless steel | 17-4 PH | Corrosion resistance and strength | Medical, dental, surgical parts |
| Stainless steel | P.A.N.A.C.E.A | Non-magnetic | Electronics, |
| Fe-based alloy | 4605 | Exceptional strength, good ductility | Consumer products, hand tools |
| Fe-based alloy | Fe3%Si | High electrical resistance | Electrical parts |
| Fe-based alloy | Fe50%Ni | High permeability | Electrical parts |
| Fe-based alloy | Fe50Co | High permeability | Micro-motor |
| Copper | Copper alloy | Thermal & electrical conductivity | Heat conduction, electric conduction |
| Hard alloy | Nickel alloy | electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance | Electrical parts, wristwatch parts |
| Titanium | Ti-6Al-4V | Corrosion resistance, light weight | Medical parts |
| Special alloy | ASTM F15 (Kovar) | Controlled expansion | Splitter, micro-electronic parts |
| Special alloy | ASTM F75 | Bio-compatibility, wear resistance | Medical, orthopedics, dental parts |
| Special alloy | ASTM F1537 | Bio-compatibility, corrosion resistance | Medical parts |
Zhuorui MIM provides common MIM materials for different application as following:
Typical Material Properties
For custom MIM parts requirement, we also offer you mechanical properties of typical MIM materials as following table:
| Metal Type | MIM model | Density | Tensile strength | Hardness | Elongation |
| Iron Base | Secondary treatment | g/cm³ | Mpa | Rockwell | (% in 25.4 mm) |
| Stainless steel | 316L | 7.8 | 515 | 67HRB | 50 |
| Stainless steel | 304 | 7.8 | 515 | 63HRB | 50 |
| Stainless steel | 420 | 7.7 | 1737 | 45HRC | 3.5 |
| Stainless steel | 440C | 7.6 | 1655 | 49HRC | 1 |
| Stainless steel | 17-4 PH (sintered) | 7.5 | 896 | 27HRC | 6 |
| Stainless steel | 17-4 PH (Heat treatment) | 7.5 | 1186 | 33HRC | 6 |
| Stainless steel | 17-4 PH(H900) | 7.7 | 1206 | 40HRC | 9 |
| Stainless steel | 17-4 PH(H1100) | 7.7 | 1000 | 34HRC | 12 |
| Stainless steel | P.A.N.A.C.E.A | 7.5 | 1090 | 300HV10 | 35 |
| Low alloy steel | 4605 (sintered) | 7.5 | 440 | 48HRB | 15 |
| Low alloy steel | 4605 Low hardness | 7.5 | 1151 | 36HRC | 3 |
| Low alloy steel | 4605 High hardness | 7.5 | 1655 | 48HRC | 2 |
| Low alloy steel | Fe3%Si | 7.6 | 227 | 80HRB | 24 |
| Low alloy steel | Fe50%Ni | 7.8 | 468 | 50HRB | 30 |
| Low alloy steel | Fe50Co | 7.95 | 300 | 80HRB | 1 |
| Specific alloy | Copper alloy | 8.5 | 165 | — | 30 |
| Specific alloy | Titanium alloy | 4.5 | 950 | 36HRC | 18 |
| Specific alloy | Nickel alloy | 8.6 | — | 53HRC | — |
| Specific alloy | ASTM F15 (Kovar) | 7.7 | 450 | 65HRB | 25 |
| Specific alloy | ASTM F75 | 8.3 | 992 | 25HRC | 30 |
| Specific alloy | ASTM F1537 | 8.3 | 1103 | 32HRC | 27 |
MIM Material Properties
MIM products are sintered to approximately 98% density below theoretical, so its chemical, physical, elastic and thermodynamic will be affected by MIM sintering process compare to handbooks information.
Zhruorui aim to provide high quality MIM parts for our customers, so we consider materials affection in MIM sintering process. It will assist our engineering team offer multiple treatment suggestion for your projects.
Mechanical Properties
MIM technology products have same tensile match other manufacturing routes.
Fatigue Strength and Fracture Toughness
For high toughness metal materials, we never need to worry about this issue. But in other case, materials testing is recommended, because of large grain size and residual porosity associated with MIM.
Corrosion Resistance
Stainless steel with MIM method will cause corrosion resistance issue, in reason of chromium preferential surface evaporation during sintering process will degrade resistance to corrosion attack. But, with proper post-sintering and surface treatment, final MIM parts can perform well in general corrosion resistance of various media.
Bio-compatibility
MIM parts are applied more and more in medical and dental area, so biocompatibility become equivalent to other routes. In that case, post-sintering and electrochemical treatment are required to re-uniform MIM parts surface chemistry for biocompatibility.
Wearing Performance
In MIM process, mix hard phases into feedstock will improve MIM parts wearing behavior. Such as, MIM tool steel treated with low concentration calcium difluoride has significant dry wear rate than wrought tool steel. Add titanium nitride or chromium boride to stainless steel will improve final product wear resistance.
Zhruo rui MIM is able to satisfy The Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF) issues standards: MPIF Standard 35, Materials Standards for Metal Injection Molded Parts—2018 Edition. This is the most comprehensive standard of encompassing all facets in Metal Injection Molding Industry.
MIM material research and development
Metal injection molding (MIM) has revolutionized precision manufacturing by enabling high-volume production of complex, near-net-shape metal components. At the heart of this innovation lies material research and development (R&D), a discipline that continuously pushes the boundaries of what MIM can achieve. From aerospace-grade superalloys to sustainable recycled materials, MIM materials are no longer confined to traditional powders—they are tailored solutions for tomorrow’s industries
1. Titanium Alloy: From Cost Barrier to Breakthrough
Titanium MIM has historically been hindered by expensive spherical powders. Recent R&D, however, leverages hydride-dehydride (HDH) titanium powder—a cheaper, non-spherical alternative. Studies show HDH powder, combined with optimized binders and sintering protocols, can achieve 95%+ density, meeting ASTM standards for surgical implants (e.g.,F75, 316L, 316L Harder, Ti-6Al-4V). This breakthrough lowers costs by 30–50%, opening doors to automotive and aerospace applications.
Titanium Alloy: F75, 316L, 316L Harder
| Material | Ni-content (%) | State | Density(g/cm³) | Hardness(HV10) | Yield strength(MPa) | Tensile strength | Elongation | Corrosion resistance (hours) | Polishing properties |
| F75 | <0.5 | Sintering state | >7.8 | 250-320 | 500 | 800 | 20 | 96 | Normal |
| 316L | 10-14 | Sintering state | 7.85 | 120 | 180 | 510 | >45 | 96 | Best |
| 316L Harder | 10-14 | Sintering state | 7.9 | 180 | 250 | 600 | 30 | 72 | Good |
316L harder: Made with internal feeding and special sintering parameters, 316LHarder can be used in wearable products that require mirror polishing.
Titanium Alloy: MIM-TC4, MIM-TA4
| Material | Type | Density(g/cm³) | Hardness(HV10) | Yield strength(MPa) | Tensile strength(MPa) | Elongation | Density comparison with SUS316L |
| MIM-TC4(Ti-6Al-4V) | (α+β) | ≥4.2 | ≥260 | ≥825 | ≥895 | ≥8 | 7.85 g/cm3 |
| MIM-TA4 | (α) | ≥4.35 | ≥150 | ≥140 | ≥240 | ≥15 | 55% weight |
- Ti,TA4, TC4, surface can be polished, sandblasted, brushed, PVD, laser engraved;
- Has better corrosion resistance & heat resistance, better strength than stainless steel;
- Product weight is lighter than stainless steel.
| Material | Collor | Density (g/cm³) | Hardness (HV10) | Flexural strength/Mpa | Fracture toughness (Mpa/m1/2) | Relative permittivity | Thermal conductivity (W/m·K) | High temperature resistant (emp./℃) |
| ZrO2 | Customizable | 5.9~6.1 | 1150~1400 | 700~1300 | 5~15 | 25~35 | 2~8 | 1000 |
| 95# Al2O3 | Customizable | 3.4~3.6 | 1600~1800 | 300~400 | 2~4 | 8~10 | 18~25 | 1500 |
| 99# Al2O3 | Customizable | 3.7~4.0 | 1800~2100 | 350~450 | 2~4 | 8~10 | 25~35 | 1600 |
MIM zirconia ceramic material properties
▪ Exceptional Skin-Friendly Aesthetics
Low thermal conductivity ensures comfortable skin contact (no cold/hot sensation) and zero allergic reactions, making it ideal for wearable devices and medical applications.
Mirror-like polish achievable through precision finishing, with PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) enabling customizable colors—from classic white to vibrant metallic hues—for elegant, premium designs.
▪ Non-Toxic, Safe, and Versatile
Biocompatible and inert, zirconia ceramic is widely adopted in medical & dental implants, mechanical components, telecommunications, luxury accessories, chemical engineering, new energy systems, and aerospace. Its adaptability spans high-stakes industries where safety and durability are non-negotiable.
▪ Superior Mechanical Performance
100% scratch/wear resistance with a Rockwell hardness of ~85HRA (twice as tough as sapphire).
Exceptional flexural strength (up to 1,200 MPa) and toughness (4–10 MPa·m½), outperforming brittle alternatives while maintaining lightweight precision.
▪ Enhanced Electrical Conductivity
3x higher electrical conductivity than sapphire, enabling superior signal sensitivity and zero EMI (electromagnetic interference) shielding—critical for 5G antennas, wireless charging coils, and sensor integration in smartphones and wearables.
▪ Cost-Effective Precision Machining
Achieves ±0.002% dimensional accuracy (micron-level precision) through advanced molding and sintering, with production costs 1/4 of sapphire—delivering luxury-grade quality at scale.
Future application scenarios of MIM zirconia ceramics
Medical: Biocompatible dental crowns and hip implants that mimic natural bone density.
Tech: Scratch-proof smartphone backplates with wireless charging compatibility (e.g., Xiaomi’s Mi Mix Alpha).
Luxury: Hypoallergenic jewelry that stays bright and smooth for life.
Aerospace: Heat-resistant components for jet engines, leveraging its 2,700°C melting point.
English 
French 
Japanese 
German 
Spanish 
Portuguese